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Research Articles
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of carbapenemsresistant clinical gram-negative bacteria from Sudan
1 Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
3 Lecturer, Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
4 Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Khartoum University, Sudan
Address correspondence to:
Mohamed Elmutasim Abdelhamid Mohamed
P.O. Box 623, Jeddah 21442,
Saudi Arabia
Message to Corresponding Author
Article ID: 100011M08MM2019
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Mohamed MEA, Ahmed AO, Kidir ESB, Sirag B, Ali MA. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of carbapenems-resistant clinical gram-negative bacteria from Sudan. Edorium J Microbiol 2019;5:100011M08MM2019.ABSTRACT
Aims: This study is conducted to characterize the phenotypes and genotypes associated with carbapenems-resistant in gram-negative bacilli isolated from Sudanese patients.
Methods: Three hundred and seventy clinical Sudanese isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for meropenem (MEM) resistance by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and Modified Hodge test (MHT). The MEM-resistant phenotype was also confirmed by automated Vitek2® system. Dual-tubed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for separate groups of carbapenemase encoding genes (blaNDM-1, blaOXA-181/48, blaVIM, blaKPC, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-51, and blaOXA-58) was examined for MEM-resistant strains.
Results: Screening of the 367 clinical isolates using MEM disk diffusion method resulted in 36 (9.8%) resistant strains. However the most frequently recognized gene was blaOXA-51 27.8% (10/36), pursued by blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-181/48 16.7% (6/36), while blaKPC and blaOXA-23 were less identified 2.7% (1/36). These genes were mostly detected in P. aeruginosa 17 (52%), followed by K. pneumoniae 11 (33%), E. coli 3 (9%), and A. baumannii 2 (6%). The overall rate of concordance between phenotypic and genotypic testing was 82.4% for the detection of carbapenemases by MHT and 70.6% by Vitek2.
Conclusion: In response to the high rate of carbapenemases and carbapenem-resistance encoding genes among Enterobacteriaceae in Sudan, nation-wide antibiotics resistance control and monitoring programs are immediately needed. Based on the finding of this study, Tigecycline can still be used as non-β lactam antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistance gram-negative bacteria.
Keywords: Carbapenems, Carbapenem resistance, Enterobacteriaceae, Gram-negative bacteria
SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Author Contributions
Mohamed Elmutasim Abdelhamid Mohamed - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis of data, Interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
d"; ?>Abdalla Osman Ahmed - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis of data, Interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
d"; ?>El-Shiekh Babiker Kidir - Analysis of data, Interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
d"; ?>Bashir Sirag - Analysis of data, Interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
d"; ?>Musa Abdalla Ali - Acquisition of data, Interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
d"; ?> Guaranter of SubmissionThe corresponding author is the guarantor of submission.
Source of SupportNone
Consent StatementWritten informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this article.
Data AvailabilityAll relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Conflict of InterestAuthors declare no conflict of interest.
Copyright© 2019 Mohamed Elmutasim Abdelhamid Mohamed et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information.
